Breast Cancer on the Cellular Level Essay examples

Breast Cancer at the Cellular Level There are many different diseases that terrorize the human race every day. Of all of these sicknesses, one of the most devastating is breast cancer. Breast cancer touches all types of people all over the world each day. It is actually the second most common cancer amongst women in the United States. One in every eight women in the United States has some form of breast cancer and currently, the death rates are higher than any other cancer with the exception of lung cancer. Cancer is defined by the Merriam-Webster Online dictionary as â€Å"a malignant tumor of potentially unlimited growth that expands locally by invasion and systemically by metastasis.† Therefore, breast cancer is a disease of†¦show more content†¦When a tumor suppressor gene is effected by a mutation, it loses its control over the cell and the cell does not stop to get inspected. When this happens, the mutation is copied, the cell divides and damage is passed down to the newly formed daughter cells. The mutation then becomes permanent and the now mutated cell will continue to divide and proliferate when it normally would not. Another factor that contributes to the development of breast cancer is actually the hormone estrogen. This seems unusual because estrogen is a hormone that is essential to the bodies of women in various ways. Estrogen is necessary for normal growth and development of breasts and reproductive organs, as well as for the maintenance of a healthy heart and bones. However, lifetime estrogen exposure may increase a woman’s risk of developing breast cancer. It does not actually produce the mutation in the DNA, nevertheless Estrogen stimulates the proliferation of breast cells that already contain a mutation. These mutated cells will continue to reproduce and have an increased chance of becoming cancerous. The breasts are essentially a milk factory. Inside the breasts there are glands called lobules that are responsible for producing the milk. These glands contain branches of little sacs that hold the milk called alveoli. The lobules are positioned around ducts that carry milk to the nipple. Also, a layer of fatty tissue surroundsShow MoreRelatedEssay On Lncrnas1213 Words   |  5 Pagestechnology have been used as a powerfull tool by researchers to study cancer data, including cancer diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis. This technology enabled researchers to investigate all human genome transcripts, including non-coding versions. Recent investigations have revealed the association of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including miRNAs and lncRNAs, with cancer pathogenesis, prognosis, survival rate and uses of these ncRNAs as cancer biomarker [21-24]. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) genes have beenRead MoreBreast Cancer Patients Treated With Endocrine Therapy1592 Words   |  7 PagesWhen it is assumed that 40 % of breast cancer patients treated with endocrine therapy are resistant to this therapy it becomes a problem within the health world, because that such a larger number of patients are not being cured from this treatment. Researchers have studied the Cyclin D1 (CCND1) amplification for being the possible cause for tamoxifen resistance. Cyclin D1 is found within 10-20% of breast cancer patients making it a prime suspect too why patients are becoming resistant to treatmentRead MoreAnticanbar Drugs1617 Words   |  7 PagesFor the treatment of many diseases, particularly cancer, substantial attention is presently focused on the use of drugs without side effects and to study the underlying mechanisms of their actions. Precisely, the action of endogenous enzymatic antioxidants capable of eliminating the oxidants and free radicals accountable for cancer initiation and progression, have been extensively debated [27]. Molecular uncovering of the antioxidant physiognomies of different anticancer drugs in addition to foodRead MoreThe Various Health Benefits of Resveratrol Essay1277 Words   |  6 Pages Its has an antioxidant effects of resveratrol which could prevent several cancer such as breast cancer, esophagus cancer, and cancer in children. Resveratrol is also protect against hypertension ischemic heart disease, ischemic damage during myocardial infraction and brain damage following cerebral ischemia. Resveratrol is beneficial in treating or preventing diabetes by lowering abnormally high blood glucose level in diabetes. 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In 2014, the estimated number of women in the United State living with breast cancer was 3,327,552. And the number of deaths was 21.2 per 100,000 women per year. (https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/breast.html). As a possible solution to reduceRead MoreA Brief Note On The Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ( Mtor )1489 Words   |  6 PagesmTOR inhibition in breast cancer. What is already known; The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase and downstream member of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways, with an essential role in cell growth, survival, and autophagy. mTOR is a component of two structurally similar complexes, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2), which are however functionally distinct;Read MoreEssay about Breast Cancer836 Words   |  4 PagesBreast cancer is one of the most widespread cancers among women worldwide. In the US, it is the most common, and the leading cause of cancer related deaths among women between 45 – 64 years of age (Clegg et al., 2002; Ward et al., 2008). Early detection and improved treatment procedures have resulted in gradual decline in the number of deaths caused by the disease since 1990. Nevertheless, in 2009, the estimated death toll for the disease was 40,170 (American Cancer Society, 200 9). The gravityRead MoreCancer Therapy Essay1597 Words   |  7 PagesWhile radio- and/ or chemotherapeutic treatments are effective tools in treating certain cancers, a small population of cancer stem cells (CSC) can evade therapy which could be the reason for tumor recurrence and high rate of mortality. These CSC have the ability to bring the existence of new tumors and these are frequently found as multi-drug resistance (MDR) (Kawasaki et al., 2008). Chemotherapeutic drugs theoretically target the metastatic sites but current treatments do not exert significantRead MoreWeight Gain Essay845 Words   |  4 Pageshow post-diagnosis weight gain affects breast cancer mortality.4,8 In a prospective cohort study which included over 500 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients, the strongest predictors of weight gain were the use of adjuvant chemotherapy and onset of menopause.5 For ER-positive breast cancer, hormonal therapy as well as chemotherapy are the most commonly used modalities of treatment. Two systemic hormonal therapies useful in women with ER-positive breast cancer are tamoxifen and aromatase-inhibitors